Girls who weigh more than about 9 pounds 1 ounce 4. Doctors use published growth charts or computer apps to evaluate babies at other gestational ages. Macrosomia large body is a related term used to describe infants who weigh more than 9 pounds 15 ounces 4. Large newborns may be normal babies who simply are large because the parents are large. However, certain problems in the mother sometimes cause babies to be large for gestational age.
Diabetes in the mother Diabetes During Pregnancy For women who have diabetes before they become pregnant, the risks of complications during pregnancy depend on how long diabetes has been present and whether complications of diabetes, such Maternal obesity Obesity Obesity is excess body weight. Obesity is influenced by a combination of factors, which usually results in consuming more calories than the body needs. These factors may include physical inactivity Excessive weight gain during pregnancy the fetus gets more calories as the mother gains more weight.
The reason for excessive growth of the fetus varies but primarily results from an abundance of nutrients combined with hormones in the fetus that stimulate growth.
The increased amount of insulin results in accelerated growth of the fetus, including almost all organs except the brain, which grows normally. Symptoms of large-for-gestational-age newborns are mainly related to any complications that occur. Birth injuries Birth Injuries in Newborns Birth injury is damage that occurs as a result of physical pressure during the birthing process, usually during transit through the birth canal.
Many newborns have minor injuries during birth Difficult delivery: Vaginal delivery Labor Labor is a series of rhythmic, progressive contractions of the uterus that gradually move the fetus through the lower part of the uterus cervix and birth canal vagina to the outside world Presentation refers to the part of Doctors use a cesarean delivery Low Apgar score Apgar Score The successful transition of a fetus, which is immersed in amniotic fluid and totally dependent on the placenta for nutrition and oxygen, to a crying, air-breathing baby is a source of wonder LGA infants tend to have lower Apgar scores and are more likely to require assistance at birth.
Perinatal asphyxia Perinatal asphyxia Birth injury is damage that occurs as a result of physical pressure during the birthing process, usually during transit through the birth canal. This complication may result from a problem with the placenta before or during delivery or from difficulty delivering an LGA baby for reasons noted above. Large for gestational age means that a fetus or infant is larger or more developed than normal for the baby's gestational age.
Gestational age is the age of a fetus or baby that starts on the first day of the mother's last menstrual period. Large for gestational age LGA refers to a fetus or infant who is larger than expected for their age and gender. It can also include infants with a birth weight above the 90th percentile.
The LGA measurement is based on the estimated gestational age of the fetus or infant. Ultrasound a test using sound waves to create a picture of internal structures is a more accurate method of estimating fetal size. Measurements can be taken of the fetus' head, abdomen, and femur to estimate fetal weight. A mother's weight gain can also influence a baby's size. Excessive maternal weight gain in pregnancy may correspond with a big baby. Babies are weighed within the first few hours after birth.
The weight is compared with the baby's gestational age and recorded in the medical record. Specific treatment for large for gestational age will be determined by your baby's doctor based on:. If ultrasound examinations during pregnancy show a fetus is quite large, some doctors may recommend early delivery. A planned cesarean delivery may also be recommended depending on the ultrasound estimate of the baby's weight.
After delivery, a LGA baby will be carefully examined for any birth injuries. Blood glucose testing is also performed to check for hypoglycemia. When a pregnant woman has high blood sugar, she can pass that along to her baby. In response, the baby's body makes insulin. All the extra sugar and the extra insulin that is made can lead to fast growth and deposits of fat. This means a larger baby. It also means a risk for low blood sugar right after birth. At that point, the mother's supply is no longer there, but the baby's insulin levels stay high.
Babies may be called large for gestational age if they weigh more than 9 in 10 babies of the same gestational age. In the U. Babies with this problem are often diagnosed before birth.
This measurement in centimeters usually links with the number of weeks of pregnancy after the 20th week. If this measurement is high for the number of weeks, the baby may be larger than expected. Before the baby is born, healthcare providers use the term fetal macrosomia instead of LGA. This test uses sound waves to create a picture of your baby and the inside of your body.
It is a more accurate method of estimating the size of your baby, but it's still not exact. Weight gain during pregnancy. This can also affect your baby's size. Gaining a lot of weight during pregnancy may cause your baby to be bigger than normal. Babies are weighed within the first few hours after birth. The weight is compared with the baby's gestational age and recorded in the medical record. If ultrasound exams during pregnancy show that your baby is very large, your healthcare provider may recommend early delivery.
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