Households headed by someone aged 25 to 34 years in England are now more likely to be renting privately than buying with a mortgage Figure Figure Trends in tenure, households with a household reference person aged 25 to 34 years or 35 to 44 years, between to and to inclusive, England Source: English Housing Survey, to , Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government Notes: Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.
Download this image Figure Trends in tenure, households with a household reference person aged 25 to 34 years or 35 to 44 years, between to and to inclusive, England. Renting is split into the private and social sectors. Across England, the proportion of households renting privately has increased over the last 10 years, while the social rented sector has decreased Figure 28 The routes into private renting vary by income.
Over the last two decades, increases in private renting amongst high-income and particularly middle-income households were associated with reductions in home ownership as house prices increase relative to earnings.
While among low-income groups, increases in private renting were mainly associated with reductions in social renting due to shrinkage of the social rental sector. Figure Change in percentage of population in each housing tenure, between to and to inclusive by income quintile, Great Britain Source: The cost of housing for low-income renters, Institute for Fiscal Studies. Incomes have been measured before housing costs have been deducted and equivalised using an after-housing-costs equivalence scale.
Income quintiles are defined within each year and broad region. Download this chart Figure Change in percentage of population in each housing tenure, between to and to inclusive by income quintile, Great Britain Image. Declining levels of home ownership among all those aged under 65 years suggest that in the future, more retirees could still be paying off a mortgage or be renting.
State Pension expenditure also called social security benefits in cash excluding other benefits. Seasonally adjusted GDP was used. Figures refer to government healthcare expenditure only and exclude private spending. However, it should be noted that these estimates differ from the headline measure for healthcare expenditure as a percentage of GDP in the UK Health Accounts , which is produced to the latest internationally-standardised definitions.
Older people are more likely to live in rural areas than younger people, where accessing services often means longer journeys Figure Figure Proportion of the population aged 65 years and over and average minimum travel time for eight key local services minutes , , England Source: mid-year population estimates, Office for National Statistics; Journey time statistics: access to services, , Department for Transport Notes: Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.
Download this image Figure Proportion of the population aged 65 years and over and average minimum travel time for eight key local services minutes , , England. Public and private transport is less available in rural areas than in cities 1 , so people are more reliant on cars but driving rates decrease with age 2.
This can leave older people in rural areas isolated and struggling to access services, particularly those who cannot afford to pay for taxis or do not have family members or neighbours who can provide transport. Even in areas where public transport provision is good, difficulties with mobility or other health issues can be a barrier to accessing services for those without use of a car Figure Data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
Download this image Figure Reasons for not using public transport given by those aged 65 and over, to , England. At age 65 years, both men and women can expect to spend around half of their remaining life expectancy in good health. As life expectancy increases, so does the amount of time spent in poor health Figure Figure Life expectancy and the proportion of life spent in good health at age 65 years, by sex, to , UK and constituent countries Source: Health state life expectancies, UK: to , Data from Annual Population Survey , Office for National Statistics Download this image Figure Life expectancy and the proportion of life spent in good health at age 65 years, by sex, to , UK and constituent countries.
Chronic conditions are those that persist and require on-going management over a period of years or decades. A person with multiple chronic conditions has more complex treatment needs than a person with one condition. For those aged 75 years and over this rises to almost half.
Figure Download this chart Figure Number of grouped health conditions by age, , England Image. Those in the lowest socio-economic groups are the most likely to experience multiple health problems and find it the hardest to access the health services they need 2,3. Dementia is one of the health conditions highly associated with ageing, particularly for people aged in their mid- to lates and above.
It is estimated that , people in the UK have dementia but only around two-thirds of those have been diagnosed.
By , it is estimated that 1 million people in the UK could be living with dementia and by this could exceed 2 million 4. Healthcare requirements increase with age, with healthcare costs increasing steeply from around age 65 years Figure Hospital admissions have increased since financial year ending , but with a steeper increase in admissions for the 66 and over age group Figure This has contributed to rising healthcare costs.
Social care can be provided in the home or in a residential setting and includes both paid formal care and care provided by family, friends and volunteers informal care. Social care requirements also increase with age. One in five men and women aged between 75 and 84 years have at least some problems washing or dressing. People aged 65 years and over on low incomes are more likely to need help with daily activities.
Although those on low incomes are more likely to receive help than those on higher incomes, the gap between the need for help and receipt of help is widest for those on low incomes, at 23 percentage points, compared with 8 percentage points for those on the highest incomes. Figure Gap in provision between receipt of and need for help with daily activities, by income bracket among those aged 65 years and over, , England Source: Health and Social Care Funding explained, The Health Foundation Download this image Figure Gap in provision between receipt of and need for help with daily activities, by income bracket among those aged 65 years and over, , England.
While the need for social care services at older ages has increased as a consequence of increases in the number of older people, gross real-terms spending on adult social care by local authorities has been steadily declining in recent years 1 while the number of older people receiving publicly-funded social care has declined 2.
The number of local authority adult social services jobs, particularly direct care jobs, has also declined 4. These patterns suggest an increase in private provision of formal social care. Download this chart Figure Change in gross current expenditure on adult social care by local authorities in cash and real terms, to and to inclusive, England Image.
While there has been an increase in the number of domiciliary home care agencies Figure 38 , the number of people receiving local authority or Health and Social Care Trust HSCT funded home care has decreased Figure These figures relate to people receiving domiciliary care of all ages, however, the majority of these are aged 65 years and over.
Looking at types of residential care, the number of nursing home beds has increased since , however, the number of residential home beds has decreased, resulting in the same overall number of beds available today Figure With an ageing population, this means a higher overall ratio of older people to care home beds although the situation will vary locally.
Download this image Figure Adult social care market trends, to , England. Any decline in the accessibility of formal social care increases the need for informal social care and it is often adult children and most often daughters who provide this to an elderly parent Figure These women are likely to be aged in their 50s and 60s 6.
With the trends towards having children later and increased childlessness 7 coupled with changes in State Pension age SPA necessitating women to work to later ages, there could be an impact on the availability of informal social care provision in the future, putting further pressure on formal social care services.
Women are more likely to provide informal care than men up to and including the 75 to 84 age group, while for the 85 and over age group this is reversed Figure This may reflect the fact that women aged 85 years and over are more likely to be widowed than men of this age group and are therefore less likely to have the opportunity to care for their spouse than men.
Download this chart Figure Percentage of people providing informal care by age and sex, to , UK Image. Unpaid caring is not without a cost. This in turn will add to healthcare demand. There is an interplay between health and social care demand both formal and informal. Health care and social care are also linked by transfers of patients between these services. Delayed transfers of care occur when a patient is medically ready to depart from their current care setting but is unable to do so because of non-clinical reasons.
A higher proportion of delays were attributable to the NHS than to social services in to Childbearing for women born in different years, England and Wales: , Office for National Statistics. Full story: The gender gap in unpaid care provision: is there an impact on health and economic position? Office for National Statistics. In terms of personal well-being life satisfaction; how worthwhile life is; and happiness levels vary across different ages. Ratings of personal well-being are lowest around mid-life but then start to rise around ages 60 to 64 years, peaking between the mids and mids before starting to decrease with age.
It seems feasible that the reported higher levels of well-being from the mid- to lates reflect the life stage change from working life to retirement and the decreases in well-being at the oldest ages reflect declines in health and increased risk of widowhood. How socially connected people feel is a factor in quality of life and living alone is a risk factor for social isolation.
Older people are more likely to live alone than younger people and older women are more likely to live alone than older men, but with a small decrease for women over time Figures 43 and Older women are more likely to live alone than men mainly because they tend to marry men who are older than them 1 and women have longer life expectancies than men, so they are more likely to be widowed.
While divorce rates at ages 70 years and over have fluctuated slightly, marriage rates at these ages have increased in recent years, with the majority of these marriages being remarriages 2. Older people arguably experience more barriers to feeling connected to the world in which they live than younger people, potentially increasing their sense of isolation.
Older people are more likely to have difficulties accessing services such as General Practitioners GPs , hospitals, banks or post offices, particularly if they are reliant on public transport 3. Distances to these services may have increased with the closure of local facilities Figure Additionally, many services have moved online and older people, particularly the very old, are much less likely to use the internet than younger people.
However, in recent years, there are signs of this changing. More older people are becoming digitally literate, with the percentage of those aged 75 years and over who report using the internet increasing year-on-year. Figure Proportion of adults aged 45 years and over who used the internet in the last three months, to , UK Source: Internet users, , UK.
Digital exclusion among older people may become less of an issue in the future as those who have used the internet in their working and social lives continue to do so as they reach older ages; however, given the pace of technological advances it may still be the case that older people, particularly the very old who are most vulnerable to cognitive decline, experience some degree of digital exclusion.
While less likely to be socially connected online 4 , older people are more engaged with their communities, with those aged 65 years and over more likely to say they feel they belong to their local area, regularly stop and talk with people in their neighbourhoods, to trust their neighbours and be willing to help them than younger age groups Figure Figure Proportion of people who feel people in their local area can be trusted; are willing to help their neighbours; feel they belong to their local area and regularly stop and talk to people in their neighbourhood, by age, to , UK Source: Inequalities in Social Capital by Age and Sex, Office for National Statistics, July data from Understanding Society Download this chart Figure Proportion of people who feel people in their local area can be trusted; are willing to help their neighbours; feel they belong to their local area and regularly stop and talk to people in their neighbourhood, by age, to , UK Image.
However, older people are more fearful about walking alone after dark than younger people, particularly at the oldest ages 5 , which in the winter, when it gets dark by 4pm, may increase feelings of isolation. This could be because of fear of falling, mobility limitations, uneven pavements, poor street lighting and a fear of crime.
Population estimates by marital status and living arrangements, England and Wales: to Office for National Statistics. Older people have a disproportionately high perception of their risk of crime compared with how often they are victims Figure 48 , with older people being less likely to be a victim of crime than the population as a whole. However, for some types of crime, older people are more likely to be targeted because of their perceived vulnerability, for instance, distraction burglary, where an offender gains entry to a house under false pretences to commit theft, and some types of fraud, particularly those where the victim is tricked into transferring money under false pretences Figure Figure Proportion who have been victim of crime and their perception of likelihood of being a victim, by age group, year ending March , England and Wales Source: Crime in England and Wales: Annual Trend and Demographic tables and Annual supplementary tables, Office for National Statistics Download this chart Figure Proportion who have been victim of crime and their perception of likelihood of being a victim, by age group, year ending March , England and Wales Image.
Figure Prevalence of crime by selected crime type and age group, , England and Wales Source: Crime Survey for England and Wales, , Office for National Statistics Notes: Burglary, vehicle related theft and criminal damage and arson refer to the age of the household reference person.
Download this chart Figure Prevalence of crime by selected crime type and age group, , England and Wales Image. In considering the challenges of an ageing population it is important not to consider older people as a group who are all very similar.
They are diverse in terms of age year-olds will have very different requirements to year-olds , life stage working or retired , health status, income and wealth, marital status and living arrangements. This could have implications for local cultural needs, language barriers, health and well-being. Figure UK residents not born in the UK, by age and country of birth, Source: UK population by country of birth and nationality grouping, by sex and age: , Office for National Statistics Download this image Figure UK residents not born in the UK, by age and country of birth, Another important consideration is that the lives of older people today have been influenced by the choices, behaviours and experiences of their earlier lives.
In thinking about evidence that will inform effective policy interventions to meet the challenges of a continuing ageing population, it is important that we take a life course approach and identify the early- and mid-life factors that have most impact on later lives. This article draws upon evidence shown in the linked slide pack , which references a number of different sources:. British Journal of General Practice. For those older people living in their own homes, a prolonged lockdown is of considerable concern.
As has been reported, there has been an increased number of non-covid deaths as people avoid hospital, with the suggestion that many people do not want to burden the NHS at this difficult time. But there is a large cohort of older people - 1. The Government must consider the impact of loneliness and social isolation on older people, as it begins to plan for the easing of lockdown restrictions. The current crisis situation has highlighted both the inequalities and the interdependencies between health and social care.
It has also increased the financial pressure on the social care system in terms of reduced income, increased operational costs in terms of personal protective equipment PPE and staffing and challenges in accessing the emergency funding provided to local authorities from the Government. It is crucial that social care receives the long-term investment necessary to end the uncertainty and address the underlying systemic issues. We are calling upon the Government to ensure that all older people have good quality care and to cover the full cost of care for those who are less able, factoring in the whole package of quality, sustainability, a professional workforce and a high standard of accommodation.
Health does decline as people age, but many older people remain healthy and active long into their older age. Age UK regularly updates a factsheet with considerable detail about later life in the UK. MHA is the largest UK charity care provider, delivering a range of high-quality services to more than 18, older people:.
Our services are provided thanks to 7, dedicated staff and supported by more than 4, volunteers. MHA Communities members are the most diverse group of older people we serve, as many join the groups as volunteers and then gradually begin to receive services as they age. Just over three-quarters of members are female, just over half live alone. Their ages range from 50 to , with the average age being Our Retirement Living residents are slightly older: their average age is 82 and two-thirds are aged over Just under a quarter of our care home residents are male, and this proportion is increasing annually.
They are the oldest group we serve: their average age is 87, and two-thirds are aged over We use cookies to personalise content and analyse how you use our site; this helps us to provide you with the best possible experience and tailor our marketing.
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